How to prune your trees

How to prune your trees

Trimming your trees is an essential part of maintaining their health and appearance. Whether you're removing dead branches, shaping the canopy, or improving airflow, regular tree trimming can promote growth, reduce the risk of disease, and prevent branches from becoming a hazard. Here’s a complete guide on how to trim a tree safely and effectively.

Tools You'll Need

Before you start trimming, make sure you have the right tools for the job:

  1. Pruning Shears (Hand Pruners) – For small branches (up to ¾ inch in diameter).
  2. Loppers – For medium-sized branches (¾ inch to 1.5 inches in diameter).
  3. Pruning Saw – For larger branches (1.5 inches and above).
  4. Pole Pruner (or Tree Pruner) – If you need to trim branches that are out of reach.
  5. Chainsaw – For very thick branches or large trees (use with caution).
  6. Rope or Ladder – A sturdy ladder or ropes to help you reach higher branches safely.
  7. Safety Gear – This includes gloves, safety goggles, a helmet, and ear protection, especially if you’re using power tools like a chainsaw.

Safety Precautions

Trimming trees can be dangerous, especially when using sharp tools or working at heights. Here are some important safety tips to follow:

  • Wear Protective Gear – Always wear gloves, goggles, and sturdy clothing to protect yourself from falling debris or sharp branches.
  • Check Your Equipment – Ensure all tools are in good working condition, especially chainsaws and pole pruners.
  • Look for Hazards – Check the area around the tree for power lines, overhead obstacles, or areas where branches could fall onto structures or people.
  • Work in Good Weather – Avoid trimming trees in high winds or during storms. Wet, slippery conditions can increase the risk of accidents.
  • Get Help if Needed – If you're unsure about trimming a large tree or working with power tools, consider hiring a professional arborist.

When is the Best Time to Trim a Tree?

The timing of tree trimming can greatly affect the tree’s health and growth. Here’s when to trim:

  1. Dormant Season (Late Winter to Early Spring) – The best time for most types of trees is during their dormant period, typically late winter or early spring before new growth begins. During this time, the tree is less likely to suffer stress from pruning, and the wounds will heal more quickly.

  2. Avoid Trimming in Spring/Summer – Avoid heavy pruning during the growing season, especially for trees that bleed sap (like maples, birches, or walnuts). Trimming during this time can stress the tree, make it more susceptible to diseases, and waste the tree's energy.

  3. Dead, Diseased, or Damaged Wood – If you spot dead or diseased branches, remove them immediately, regardless of the season. This prevents further spread of disease and improves the tree’s overall health.

How Much to Trim?

The amount of trimming you do depends on the type of tree, its age, and your goals. Here’s a general guideline:

  1. Prune Dead or Diseased Wood – Always remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches. These can be a breeding ground for pests and fungi, so it’s important to get rid of them to promote a healthy tree.

  2. Shaping and Size Control – You can trim to shape the tree and control its size. However, never remove more than 25-30% of the tree’s canopy in a single year. Over-pruning can lead to stress, reduced growth, and even the death of the tree.

  3. Improve Airflow and Light – Thin out dense, overcrowded areas to allow sunlight and air to reach the interior of the tree. This helps improve the overall health of the tree and reduces the risk of fungal infections.

  4. Don’t Cut the Leader – The leader is the central, upward-growing branch of the tree. Cutting this off can cause the tree to lose its shape and stunt its growth. Only trim it if necessary to prevent damage or disease.

Step-by-Step Tree Trimming Process

Step 1: Plan Your Cuts

Before you start, look at the tree as a whole. Identify the branches that need to be removed or pruned, and plan your cuts accordingly. Focus on removing dead, damaged, or diseased branches first, and make sure you're cutting branches that will improve the overall shape of the tree.

Step 2: Start with Small Cuts

If the branches are small enough, use your pruning shears or loppers. Make cuts at a slight angle, a few millimetres above a bud or branch junction. Avoid cutting too close to the trunk or leaving stubs, as both can damage the tree.

Step 3: Make Larger Cuts Carefully

For larger branches, you may need to use a pruning saw or chainsaw. Start by cutting a notch on the underside of the branch about 6 inches from the trunk. Then, make the final cut from the top of the branch, slightly further out from the first cut. This method will help prevent the branch from ripping off the bark and causing damage to the tree.

Step 4: Cut in Three Stages (For Large Branches)

For very large branches, follow the three-cut rule to avoid splitting the bark. First, make a small notch on the underside of the branch. Then, make your second cut slightly above the notch but further out. The final cut should be made outside of the initial notch, removing the branch in one clean cut.

Step 5: Clean Up

Once you’ve finished pruning, clear the area of branches and debris. If you plan to keep any cut branches, make sure to dispose of them properly (many municipalities offer tree waste recycling services). If you’re using a chainsaw, clean and maintain your tools for the next use.

When to Call a Professional

If you are trimming a very large tree, working near power lines, or dealing with significant tree damage, it’s best to hire a professional arborist. Professionals have the expertise and equipment to handle large trees safely and efficiently. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you're unsure about how to approach the job.

Final Thoughts

Trimming your tree is a great way to keep it healthy, safe, and beautiful. By following the right techniques, using the proper tools, and staying safe, you can ensure your trees continue to thrive in your garden. Whether you’re trimming to remove dead wood, improve structure, or maintain size, the key is to prune with care and never remove too much at once.

Back to blog